Asset and Liability Classifications
Understanding how to classify assets and liabilities correctly is crucial for reading financial statements. Current assets include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses - basically anything that will be converted to cash or used up within a year.
Current liabilities are debts that must be paid within one year, like accounts payable, accrued expenses, and unearned revenue. Notice that unearned revenue is actually a liability because you owe services to customers who already paid you.
When calculating totals, simply add current and non-current items together. For example, if current assets are ₱100,000 and non-current assets are ₱76,000, total assets equal ₱176,000.
Solvency measures a company's ability to meet long-term obligations, while liquidity focuses on short-term cash availability. These concepts help you understand a business's financial stability and health.