Banking Documents and Financial Analysis
Why do businesses use banks instead of keeping cash in a vault? Simple - cash is the most vulnerable asset to theft and fraud. Banks offer various account types including savings accounts (earn interest), checking accounts (for daily transactions), time deposits forlong−termsavings, and credit/debit accounts.
Essential banking documents include deposit slips (for putting money in), withdrawal slips (for taking money out), and checks (written orders to pay someone). When writing a check, you're the drawer, the person getting paid is the payee, and the bank is the drawee. Checks are valid for six months from the date written.
Financial statement analysis helps businesses understand their performance through two main techniques. Horizontal analysis (trend analysis) compares data across different time periods using formulas to calculate peso and percentage changes. Vertical analysis (common size analysis) shows how each item relates to a base amount - total assets for balance sheets or net sales for income statements.
Money Fact: A single check transaction involves three parties, and understanding this relationship is crucial for proper accounting treatment!